Raws li kev tshawb pom thiab kev siv cov flake graphite, muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo, thaum phau ntawv Shuijing Zhu yog thawj zaug, uas tau hais tias "muaj ib lub roob graphite ntawm tus dej Luoshui". Cov pob zeb yog tag nrho cov xim dub, yog li cov phau ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv, yog li lawv muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov graphite. ” Archaeological tshawb pom qhia tias thaum ntxov li ntau tshaj 3,000 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv Shang Dynasty, Tuam Tshoj siv graphite los sau cov cim, uas kav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Graphite li phau ntawv number case tau hloov los ntawm Pine luam yeeb number case. Thaum lub sijhawm Daoguang ntawm Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Chenzhou, Hunan Province mined flake graphite li roj, uas hu ua "roj carbon".
Lub npe Askiv ntawm Graphite los ntawm Greek lo lus "graphite hauv", uas txhais tau tias "sau". Nws tau raug npe los ntawm German chemist thiab mineralogist AGWerner hauv 1789.
Cov mis mos molecular ntawm flake graphite yog C thiab nws qhov hnyav molecular yog 12.01. Ntuj graphite yog hlau dub thiab hlau grey, nrog ci dub streaks, nws yog xim hlau luster thiab opacity. Crystal belongs rau chav kawm ntawm complex hexagonal biconical crystals, uas yog hexagonal phaj crystals. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim muaj xws li cov kab sib txuas ob sab, hexagonal biconical thiab hexagonal kab, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua tsis tshua muaj, thiab nws feem ntau yog scaly los yog phaj-puab. Parameters: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm Ib txheej txheej txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv uas carbon atoms yog teem nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab txhua carbon yog sib npaug zos rau cov nyob ib sab carbon, thiab cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv txhua txheej yog teem nyob rau hauv ib tug hexagonal nplhaib. Lub hexagonal rings ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau sab sauv thiab sab qis uas nyob ib sab yog sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia thaum uas tig mus rau lub mesh dav hlau thiab ces stacked los ua ib tug txheej txheej. Cov kev taw qhia sib txawv thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev hloov pauv ua rau cov qauv sib txawv polymorphic. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sab sauv thiab sab qis yog ntau dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv tib txheej (CC spacing nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg = 0.142nm, CC spacing ntawm txheej = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab 5-10m2 / g thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Lub hardness yog anisotropic, ntsug cleavage dav hlau yog 3-5, thiab lub parallel cleavage dav hlau yog 1-2. Aggregates feem ntau yog scaly, lumpy thiab earthy. Graphite flake muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity. Cov ntxhia flakes feem ntau opaque nyob rau hauv lub teeb kis tau tus mob, nyias nyias flakes yog lub teeb ntsuab-grey, uniaxial, nrog ib tug refractive index ntawm 1.93 ~ 2.07. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo, lawv yog lub teeb xim av-grey, nrog pom tseeb reflection multicolor, Ro grey nrog xim av, Re tsaus xiav grey, reflectivity Ro23 (liab), Re5.5 (liab), pom tseeb reflection xim thiab ob chav reflection, muaj zog heterogeneity thiab polarization. . Kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv: hlau dub, tsis tshua muaj hardness, ib pab pawg neeg zoo meej cleavage, saj zawg zog, slippery zoo nkaus li, yooj yim rau stain tes. Yog hais tias zinc particles wetted los ntawm tooj liab sulfate tov yog muab tso rau ntawm graphite, metallic tooj liab me ntsis yuav precipitated, thaum molybdenite zoo ib yam li nws tsis muaj xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Graphite yog ib qho allotrope ntawm elemental carbon (lwm cov allotropes muaj xws li pob zeb diamond, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes thiab graphene), thiab lub periphery ntawm txhua carbon atom yog txuas nrog peb lwm carbon atoms (ib tug ntau ntawm hexagons teem nyob rau hauv ib tug honeycomb duab) tsim covalent molecules. Txij li txhua cov pa roj carbon atom emits ib qho hluav taws xob, cov electrons tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim, yog li flake graphite yog hluav taws xob conductor. Cleavage dav hlau yog dominated los ntawm molecular bonds, uas tsis muaj zog attraction rau molecules, yog li nws lub ntuj floatability yog zoo heev. Vim yog hom kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb ntawm flake graphite, peb tsis tuaj yeem xav tias flake graphite yog ib qho siv lead ua lossis polycrystal. Tam sim no nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias flake graphite yog ib hom sib xyaw siv lead ua.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-04-2022