Tshuaj oxidation txheej txheem yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev npaj nthuav dav graphite. Hauv txoj hauv kev no, ntuj flake graphite tau sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj oxidant uas tsim nyog thiab tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw, tswj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txuas ntxiv tas li, thiab ntxuav, lim thiab qhuav kom tau txais cov graphite nthuav dav. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj oxidation tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem paub tab hauv kev lag luam nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis.
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj oxidation suav nrog oxidation thiab intercalation.Qhov oxidation ntawm graphite yog qhov xwm txheej yooj yim rau kev tsim cov graphite nthuav dav, vim hais tias txawm tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob ntawm qib ntawm qhib ntawm cov txheej graphite. Thiab ntuj graphite ntawm chav kub tau zoo heev ruaj khov thiab kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam, yog li nws tsis hnov mob nrog kua qaub thiab alkali, yog li ntawd, ntxiv cov oxidant tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tivthaiv hauv tshuaj lom neeg oxidation.
Muaj ntau hom oxidants, feem ntau siv cov tshuaj oxidants yog cov khoom oxidants (xws li potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, thiab lwm yam), tuaj yeem yog qee cov kua oxidizing (xws li hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, thiab lwm yam). ). Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tias cov poov tshuaj permanganate yog cov tshuaj oxidant tseem ceeb siv hauv kev npaj nthuav cov graphite.
Raws li qhov ua ntawm oxidizer, graphite tau oxidized thiab cov network nruab nrab macromolecules hauv txheej graphite dhau los ua planar macromolecules nrog them zoo. Vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov zoo ib yam nkaus, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txheej txheej graphite nce, uas muab cov channel thiab qhov chaw rau tus neeg sib tham kom nkag mus rau txheej graphite tau zoo. Hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheem nthuav dav tau nthuav dav, tus neeg sawv cev sib cuam tshuam yog cov kua qaub. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, sib xyaw acid thiab glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical txoj kev yog nyob rau tam sim no, nrog cov kua dej ntawm cov ntxig ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv graphite thiab cov hlau (cov khoom siv hlau tsis huv, phaj platinum, phaj txhuas, phaj titanium, thiab lwm yam) suav nrog cov anode sib xyaw, cov khoom siv hlau tso rau hauv electrolyte li cathode, tsim lub voj kaw; Los yog cov graphite raug tshem tawm hauv cov electrolyte, hauv cov electrolyte tib lub sijhawm tso rau hauv cov phaj tsis zoo thiab zoo, los ntawm ob lub electrodes yog cov txheej txheem muaj zog, anodic oxidation. Qhov saum npoo ntawm graphite yog oxidized rau carbocation. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm electrostatic attraction thiab concentration sib txawv diffusion, acid ions lossis lwm yam polar intercalant ions tau teeb tsa nruab nrab ntawm cov graphite txheej kom tsim tau nthuav dav graphite.
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj oxidation, cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob rau kev npaj cov ntawv nthuav dav hauv cov txheej txheem tag nrho yam tsis tau siv cov tshuaj oxidant, kev kho tus nqi yog loj, qhov seem ntawm cov tshuaj corrosive yog me me, cov electrolyte tuaj yeem rov ua dua tom qab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Cov kua qaub tau txo qis, tus nqi raug cawm, kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig raug txo, kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej siv qis, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej tau txuas ntxiv. ntau lub tuam txhab nrog ntau qhov zoo.
Txoj kev siv roj-theem kev nthuav tawm yog tsim kom nthuav dav cov graphite los ntawm kev hu rau tus neeg sib xyaw nrog cov graphite hauv cov pa roj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xws. kaw, yog li nws tseem paub tias yog ob txoj hauv kev txheej txheem.Qhov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv los sib sau ua ke halide -EG thiab alkali hlau -EG hauv kev lag luam.
Qhov zoo: tus qauv thiab kev txiav txim ntawm lub reactor tuaj yeem tswj tau, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem sib cais tau yooj yim.
Qhov tsis zoo: cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov nyuaj dua, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj dua, yog li cov khoom tsim tawm raug txwv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm ntev dua, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siab heev, ib puag ncig kev npaj yuav tsum ua lub tshuab nqus tsev, yog li tus nqi tsim khoom raug siab, tsis haum rau daim ntawv thov kev tsim khoom loj.
Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua kua yog txhawm rau sib xyaw cov khoom ntxig nrog graphite, nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev txav mus los ntawm cov pa inert lossis cov txheej txheem kaw rau cua sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom npaj nthuav dav graphite. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib sau ntawm alkali hlau-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Qhov zoo: Cov txheej txheem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov yooj yim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nrawm dua, los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv graphite thiab cov ntxig tuaj yeem ncav cuag qee yam qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov graphite nthuav dav, tsim nyog rau ntau lawm.
Qhov tsis zoo: Cov khoom tsim tawm tsis ruaj khov, nws nyuaj rau cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tso dawb tso rau ntawm GICs saum npoo, thiab nws nyuaj kom ntseeg tau qhov sib xws ntawm graphite interlamellar sib txuas thaum muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw.
Cov txheej txheem yaj yog sib xyaw graphite nrog cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov cua sov kom npaj tau cov graphite nthuav dav.Koj nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv eutectic tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab ke (hauv qab cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm txhua feem), nws yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev npaj ntawm ternary lossis multicomponent GICs los ntawm kev nkag mus rau ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj (uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov txheej txheem ntsev yaj) ntawm cov txheej graphite ib txhij.
Qhov zoo: Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, ntxuav tau yooj yim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj qhov kub thiab txias, sijhawm luv, haum rau kev tsim khoom loj.
Qhov tsis zoo: nws nyuaj rau tswj tus txheej txheem xaj khoom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nws nyuaj rau kom ntseeg tau qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv kev txiav txim thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov txheej txheem ua kom muaj zog yog sib xyaw graphite matrix nrog alkaline lub ntiaj teb hlau thiab tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb hlau hmoov thiab hnov mob los tsim M-GICS hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj.
Qhov tsis zoo: Tsuas yog thaum lub zog ua pa ntawm cov hlau ntau dhau qhov pib, qhov kev tso tshuaj tawm tuaj yeem ua tiav; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas kub siab dhau, yooj yim ua rau cov hlau thiab graphite tsim cov carbides, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv qee yam.Qhov tso qhov kub ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau hauv ntiaj teb yog siab heev, yog li yuav tsum tau siv lub siab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias.Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov hlau-GICS nrog cov ntsiab lus qis, tab sis cov cuab yeej nyuab thiab cov haujlwm xav tau nruj, yog li nws tsis tshua siv tam sim no.
Cov txheej txheem tawg feem ntau siv cov graphite thiab cov neeg sawv cev nthuav dav xws li KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros lossis cov khoom sib xyaw npaj, thaum nws raug rhaub, graphite yuav ua rau ib txhij oxidation thiab cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cambium, uas yog nthuav tawm hauv "txoj kev tawg", yog li tau nthuav dav graphite.Thaum hlau ntsev siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev nthuav dav, cov khoom lag luam nyuaj dua, uas tsis tsuas yog nthuav dav graphite, tab sis kuj yog hlau.
